Page 2: Glauber's Salt Crystallization Parameters

This page details the crystallization of Glauber's salt (Na₂SO₄·10H₂O) and associated process parameters.

Vocabulary: Glauber's salt is the decahydrate form of sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄·10H₂O).

Definition: Solubility curves show the relationship between temperature and dissolved salt concentration.

Example: At 49°C, the solubility is 46.91g Na₂SO₄ per 100g H₂O.

The page includes steady-state mass balance equations and specific heat calculations for the crystallization process.

Page 3: Swenson-Walker Crystallizer Problem

This section presents a detailed problem involving a Swenson-walker crystallizer producing Glauber's salt.

Definition: A Swenson-walker crystallizer is an industrial crystallization unit using controlled cooling for crystal formation.

Example: The problem calculates cooling requirements for producing 800 kg/h of Glauber's salt with specified temperature gradients.

Highlight: The overall heat transfer coefficient is 175 kcal/hr·m²·°C with cooling surface area of 1.3 m² per meter of crystallizer.

Page 4: Sodium Phosphate Crystallization Analysis

This page covers the crystallization of sodium phosphate dodecahydrate (Na₃PO₄·12H₂O).

Vocabulary: Heat of crystallization represents the energy released during crystal formation.

Example: The problem involves cooling a solution from 313K to 298K with a product rate of 0.063 kg/s.

Highlight: The heat of crystallization is 146.5 KJ/kg with an overall heat transfer coefficient of 140 W/m²·K.

Page 5: Adiabatic Vacuum Crystallizer Operations

This page examines an adiabatic vacuum crystallizer producing copperas (FeSO₄·7H₂O) crystals.

Definition: An adiabatic vacuum crystallizer operates without heat exchange with the surroundings, using vacuum to facilitate crystallization.

Example: The feed contains 38.9 parts FeSO₄ per 100 parts H₂O, producing 10 tons/h of copperas crystals.

Highlight: The process involves complex enthalpy balances and mass transfer calculations at specific vacuum conditions.

Page 1: Heat Transfer Calculations in Crystallizer Design

This page focuses on detailed calculations for a crystallizer system, incorporating heat transfer coefficients and temperature gradients.

Definition: Crystallizer sections are units where controlled cooling facilitates crystal formation and growth.

Example: The calculations show heat transfer analysis for a system processing 800 kg/h with cooling water temperature rising from 15°C to 21°C.

Highlight: The total surface area required for heat transfer is calculated as 12.12468 m², with each crystallizer section being 3m long.

The page demonstrates comprehensive heat balance equations and temperature difference calculations essential for crystallizer design.