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Maddy
11/9/2025
Criminology
Criminology Unit 4, AC 1.3
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Nov 9, 2025
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Criminology Unit 4 AC 1.3: Models of Criminal Justice - Notes and Examples
Maddy
@maddy_yaup
Key Concerns and Case Studies
This page outlines the key concerns of each model and provides case studies illustrating their application in real-world scenarios.
Key Concerns
Crime Control Model Concerns:
- Crime repression as the most important function
- Vindicating victims over protecting defendants' rights
- Expanding police powers
- Eliminating legal technicalities that limit police
- Swift case disposition
- Presumption of guilt based on charges filed
Due Process Model Concerns:
- Providing fundamental fairness under the law
- Limiting police powers
- Implementing procedural safeguards
- Holding authorities accountable to rules and procedures
- Basing guilt on proper legal procedures
- Protecting innocence and individual rights
Vocabulary: Procedural safeguards are measures designed to protect individual rights during legal proceedings.
Case Studies
The page presents several case studies to illustrate the application of these models:
- Colin Stagg (Crime Control): Used undercover tactics to obtain a confession.
- Sion Jenkins (Due Process): Multiple appeals demonstrating presumption of innocence.
- Gary Weddell (Due Process): Released on bail for murder, showing presumption of innocence.
- Barry George (Crime Control): Convicted based on a small piece of evidence.
- Thompson v UK (Due Process): Protected identity during trial to ensure fair proceedings.
- Venables v UK (Due Process): Identity protection and post-trial safeguards to uphold right to fair trial.
Example: In the Colin Stagg case, the use of an undercover female officer to obtain a confession exemplifies the crime control model's focus on efficient conviction.
Highlight: These case studies demonstrate that real-world criminal justice often involves elements of both models, with some cases leaning more towards crime control and others towards due process.
Crime Control vs Due Process Models
This page introduces Herbert Packer's two competing models of criminal justice: the crime control model and the due process model. These models represent different value systems operating within the criminal justice system.
Crime Control Model
The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression and control to ensure public safety and order.
Key aspects include:
- Focus on swift and severe punishment
- "Assembly-line" approach to case processing
- Expanded police powers for investigation and arrest
- Presumption of guilt if charges are filed
- Conservative perspective on criminal justice
Highlight: The crime control model views the criminal justice system as an efficient "assembly line" to process cases quickly.
Example: Under this model, plea bargains are encouraged to resolve cases swiftly.
Due Process Model
The due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring a fair legal process for all.
Key aspects include:
- Focus on establishing factual guilt through proper procedures
- "Obstacle course" approach with procedural safeguards
- Limited police powers to prevent oppression
- Presumption of innocence
- Liberal perspective on criminal justice
Highlight: The due process model views the criminal justice system as an "obstacle course" to ensure fairness and protect the innocent.
Definition: Due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
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Thomas R
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Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Criminology Unit 4 AC 1.3: Models of Criminal Justice - Notes and Examples
Maddy
@maddy_yaup
The crime control model and due process modelare two competing approaches in the criminal justice system. The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression to ensure public safety, while the due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring... Show more
Key Concerns and Case Studies
This page outlines the key concerns of each model and provides case studies illustrating their application in real-world scenarios.
Key Concerns
Crime Control Model Concerns:
- Crime repression as the most important function
- Vindicating victims over protecting defendants' rights
- Expanding police powers
- Eliminating legal technicalities that limit police
- Swift case disposition
- Presumption of guilt based on charges filed
Due Process Model Concerns:
- Providing fundamental fairness under the law
- Limiting police powers
- Implementing procedural safeguards
- Holding authorities accountable to rules and procedures
- Basing guilt on proper legal procedures
- Protecting innocence and individual rights
Vocabulary: Procedural safeguards are measures designed to protect individual rights during legal proceedings.
Case Studies
The page presents several case studies to illustrate the application of these models:
- Colin Stagg (Crime Control): Used undercover tactics to obtain a confession.
- Sion Jenkins (Due Process): Multiple appeals demonstrating presumption of innocence.
- Gary Weddell (Due Process): Released on bail for murder, showing presumption of innocence.
- Barry George (Crime Control): Convicted based on a small piece of evidence.
- Thompson v UK (Due Process): Protected identity during trial to ensure fair proceedings.
- Venables v UK (Due Process): Identity protection and post-trial safeguards to uphold right to fair trial.
Example: In the Colin Stagg case, the use of an undercover female officer to obtain a confession exemplifies the crime control model's focus on efficient conviction.
Highlight: These case studies demonstrate that real-world criminal justice often involves elements of both models, with some cases leaning more towards crime control and others towards due process.
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Crime Control vs Due Process Models
This page introduces Herbert Packer's two competing models of criminal justice: the crime control model and the due process model. These models represent different value systems operating within the criminal justice system.
Crime Control Model
The crime control model prioritizes efficient crime suppression and control to ensure public safety and order.
Key aspects include:
- Focus on swift and severe punishment
- "Assembly-line" approach to case processing
- Expanded police powers for investigation and arrest
- Presumption of guilt if charges are filed
- Conservative perspective on criminal justice
Highlight: The crime control model views the criminal justice system as an efficient "assembly line" to process cases quickly.
Example: Under this model, plea bargains are encouraged to resolve cases swiftly.
Due Process Model
The due process model emphasizes protecting individual rights and ensuring a fair legal process for all.
Key aspects include:
- Focus on establishing factual guilt through proper procedures
- "Obstacle course" approach with procedural safeguards
- Limited police powers to prevent oppression
- Presumption of innocence
- Liberal perspective on criminal justice
Highlight: The due process model views the criminal justice system as an "obstacle course" to ensure fairness and protect the innocent.
Definition: Due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user