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0
Maddy
11/19/2025
Criminology
Criminology Unit Four - Ac 2.1
436
•
Nov 19, 2025
•
Criminology Unit 4 - Forms of Social Control: Internal and External
Maddy
@maddy_yaup
1 / 5
External Forms of Social Control
This page focuses on external forms of social control in criminology. External controls involve social agencies and institutions that shape behavior through rewards and punishments.
Key agencies of social control include: • Family • Education system • Police • Criminal justice system
Highlight: External social controls use rewards for conformity and punishments for those who deviate from norms.
The criminal justice system plays a significant role in external social control:
• Judges and magistrates have the power to bail, remand, and sentence offenders • The prison service detains and punishes prisoners • Police have authority to stop, search, arrest, and charge suspects • The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decides whether to prosecute in court
Vocabulary: Coercion involves the use or threat of force to make someone comply with social norms.
Coercion can be physical (e.g., imprisonment) or non-violent (e.g., boycotts, strikes).
Deterrence and Control Theory
This page explores deterrence as a form of social control and introduces control theory in criminology.
Deterrence uses the threat of punishment to prevent crime and has two key assumptions:
- Individual deterrence: Punishment deters offenders from committing future crimes
- General deterrence: Fear of punishment prevents others from committing similar crimes
Example: "Getting tough on crime" policies like mandatory minimum sentences aim to deter criminal behavior.
Control theory in criminology, developed by Travis Hirschi, examines why people follow the law. It proposes that people conform due to their bonds with society, which include:
• Attachment: Caring about others' opinions • Commitment: Investment in a law-abiding life • Involvement: Participation in legal activities • Belief: Socialization to follow norms
Highlight: Strong social bonds make individuals less likely to engage in criminal behavior.
Example: Youth clubs keep young people busy with legal activities, strengthening their bonds to society.
Parenting and Social Control
This page focuses on the role of parenting in creating social bonds that prevent offending behavior.
Gottfredson and Hirschi argue that low self-control, resulting from poor socialization and inconsistent parenting, is a major factor in delinquency.
Highlight: Lack of parental supervision is an important factor in juvenile delinquency.
To prevent delinquency, parents should:
• Be involved in teenagers' lives and spend time with them • Take an interest in their activities outside of school • Show a strong commitment to their children's well-being
Example: Parents who actively participate in their children's lives help strengthen social bonds and reduce the likelihood of criminal behavior.
The page also mentions Walter Reckless's work, which emphasizes the importance of parenting in social control, though specific details are not provided in the transcript.
Vocabulary: Socialization refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and behaviors of their society.
Understanding the role of parenting in social control is crucial for developing effective criminology unit 4 strategies and interventions to prevent juvenile delinquency.
Parenting and Delinquency Prevention
This final section focuses on the role of parenting in social control and delinquency prevention.
Definition: Parental supervision and involvement are crucial factors in preventing juvenile delinquency.
Highlight: Gottfredson and Hirschi argue that low self-control results from poor socialization and inconsistent parenting.
Example: Youth clubs and structured activities help keep young people engaged in legal activities.
Quote: "Parents should be involved in teenagers' lives & spend time with them."
Internal Forms of Social Control
This page introduces the concept of internal forms of social control in criminology. Internal controls come from within an individual and shape behavior through personality, morals, and values.
The superego, proposed by Sigmund Freud, plays a crucial role in internal social control. It represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and aspirations.
Definition: The superego is part of our personality that acts as the "angel on the shoulder," developing as we grow and keeping the id and ego in check.
Example: Without the superego, behavior would be erratic and compulsive, acting on every thought.
Rational ideology is another form of internal control, guiding behavior through conscience and feelings of guilt or anxiety.
Highlight: Internalization of norms and morals through socialization helps individuals conform to societal expectations.
Tradition and culture also contribute to internal control by teaching family and societal norms.
Example: The belief that Santa won't bring presents to misbehaving children is a form of internal control through socialization.
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This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
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Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
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I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
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Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
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I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
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Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
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This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Criminology Unit 4 - Forms of Social Control: Internal and External
Maddy
@maddy_yaup
Internal and external forms of social control in criminology encompass mechanisms that guide societal behavior and conformity. This comprehensive overview explores Sigmund Freud's concepts of id, ego, superego, various control theories, and practical applications in criminal justice.
• Social... Show more
External Forms of Social Control
This page focuses on external forms of social control in criminology. External controls involve social agencies and institutions that shape behavior through rewards and punishments.
Key agencies of social control include: • Family • Education system • Police • Criminal justice system
Highlight: External social controls use rewards for conformity and punishments for those who deviate from norms.
The criminal justice system plays a significant role in external social control:
• Judges and magistrates have the power to bail, remand, and sentence offenders • The prison service detains and punishes prisoners • Police have authority to stop, search, arrest, and charge suspects • The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decides whether to prosecute in court
Vocabulary: Coercion involves the use or threat of force to make someone comply with social norms.
Coercion can be physical (e.g., imprisonment) or non-violent (e.g., boycotts, strikes).
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Deterrence and Control Theory
This page explores deterrence as a form of social control and introduces control theory in criminology.
Deterrence uses the threat of punishment to prevent crime and has two key assumptions:
- Individual deterrence: Punishment deters offenders from committing future crimes
- General deterrence: Fear of punishment prevents others from committing similar crimes
Example: "Getting tough on crime" policies like mandatory minimum sentences aim to deter criminal behavior.
Control theory in criminology, developed by Travis Hirschi, examines why people follow the law. It proposes that people conform due to their bonds with society, which include:
• Attachment: Caring about others' opinions • Commitment: Investment in a law-abiding life • Involvement: Participation in legal activities • Belief: Socialization to follow norms
Highlight: Strong social bonds make individuals less likely to engage in criminal behavior.
Example: Youth clubs keep young people busy with legal activities, strengthening their bonds to society.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
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By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Parenting and Social Control
This page focuses on the role of parenting in creating social bonds that prevent offending behavior.
Gottfredson and Hirschi argue that low self-control, resulting from poor socialization and inconsistent parenting, is a major factor in delinquency.
Highlight: Lack of parental supervision is an important factor in juvenile delinquency.
To prevent delinquency, parents should:
• Be involved in teenagers' lives and spend time with them • Take an interest in their activities outside of school • Show a strong commitment to their children's well-being
Example: Parents who actively participate in their children's lives help strengthen social bonds and reduce the likelihood of criminal behavior.
The page also mentions Walter Reckless's work, which emphasizes the importance of parenting in social control, though specific details are not provided in the transcript.
Vocabulary: Socialization refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and behaviors of their society.
Understanding the role of parenting in social control is crucial for developing effective criminology unit 4 strategies and interventions to prevent juvenile delinquency.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Parenting and Delinquency Prevention
This final section focuses on the role of parenting in social control and delinquency prevention.
Definition: Parental supervision and involvement are crucial factors in preventing juvenile delinquency.
Highlight: Gottfredson and Hirschi argue that low self-control results from poor socialization and inconsistent parenting.
Example: Youth clubs and structured activities help keep young people engaged in legal activities.
Quote: "Parents should be involved in teenagers' lives & spend time with them."
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Internal Forms of Social Control
This page introduces the concept of internal forms of social control in criminology. Internal controls come from within an individual and shape behavior through personality, morals, and values.
The superego, proposed by Sigmund Freud, plays a crucial role in internal social control. It represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and aspirations.
Definition: The superego is part of our personality that acts as the "angel on the shoulder," developing as we grow and keeping the id and ego in check.
Example: Without the superego, behavior would be erratic and compulsive, acting on every thought.
Rational ideology is another form of internal control, guiding behavior through conscience and feelings of guilt or anxiety.
Highlight: Internalization of norms and morals through socialization helps individuals conform to societal expectations.
Tradition and culture also contribute to internal control by teaching family and societal norms.
Example: The belief that Santa won't bring presents to misbehaving children is a form of internal control through socialization.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user