Če si se kdaj vprašal, iz česa je sestavljen svet... Show more
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Updated Apr 17, 2026
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Osnove zgradbe atoma
1 / 5
Uvod v zgradbo atoma
Predstavljaj si atom kot miniaturno sončno sistem. Je osnovni delec vsakega elementa in najmanjša enota, ki še vedno obdrži vse kemijske lastnosti snovi.
Elementi so snovi, ki jih sestavljajo atomi iste vrste - kisik, železo, zlato so vsi elementi. Vsak atom je električno nevtralen, kar pomeni, da se pozitivni in negativni naboji v njem popolnoma izničijo.
Atom sestavljata dva glavna dela: jedro atoma v središču in elektronska ovojnica okrog njega. V jedru najdemo protone in nevtrone, v ovojnici pa se vrtijo elektroni - ti trije so osnovni delci ali subatomski delci.
💡 Zanimivost: Če bi bilo jedro atoma veliko kot žogica za namizni tenis, bi bil celoten atom velik kot nogometno igrišče!
Jedro atoma - kjer se skriva vsa moč
Jedro je srce atoma in čeprav je izjemno majhno, vsebuje skoraj vso njegovo maso. Tukaj živita dva ključna igralca.
Protoni so pozitivno nabiti delci z nabojem +1 in maso približno 1 atomska enota. Število protonov določa, za kateri element gre - to je vrstno število (Z). Če spremenimo število protonov, dobimo povsem drug element!
Nevtroni (n⁰) so brez naboja in imajo prav tako maso približno 1. Skupaj s protoni tvorijo jedro, skupno pa ju imenujemo nukleoni.
💡 Pomni si: Vrstno število = število protonov = identiteta elementa. Brez tega elementa preprosto ni!
Elektronska ovojnica - plesni oder atomov
Okoli jedra se v elektronski ovojnici vrtijo elektroni . Ti majhni negativno nabiti delci imajo naboj -1, vendar je njihova masa tako majhna , da jo lahko zanemarimo.
V nevtralnem atomu je število elektronov vedno enako številu protonov. Tako se pozitivni in negativni naboji izničijo, atom pa navzven deluje nevtralno.
Elektronska ovojnica zavzema skoraj ves prostor atoma, čeprav praktično nima mase. Predstavljaj si jo kot ogromen plesni oder, kjer se vrtijo drobni plesalci.
| Delec | Naboj | Masa | Lokacija |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proton | +1 | ≈1 u | Jedro |
| Nevtron | 0 | ≈1 u | Jedro |
| Elektron | -1 | ≈0 u | Ovojnica |
💡 Za test: Atom = jedro + ovojnica (elektroni). Preprosto kot štiri operacije!
Računanje osnovnih delcev - tvoja super moč
Iz periodnega sistema lahko zlahka izračunaš število vseh delcev v atomu. Potrebuješ le dve števili: vrstno število (Z) in masno število (A).
Vrstno število (Z) = število protonov = število elektronov Masno število (A) = število protonov + število nevtronov Število nevtronov = A - Z
Primer z ogljikom: Z = 6, A = 12
- Protoni: 6
- Elektroni: 6
- Nevtroni: 12 - 6 = 6
Primer z natrijem: Z = 11, A = 23
- Protoni: 11
- Elektroni: 11
- Nevtroni: 23 - 11 = 12
💡 Trik za test: Vrstno število je manjše (število protonov), masno je večje . Ne zmešaj ju!
Hiter povzetek za mojstre kemije
Sedaj imaš vse karte v rokah za razumevanje atomov! Atom je kot mini vesolje - majhno, gosto jedro obkroža velika, skoraj prazna ovojnica z elektroni.
Ključne formule za test:
- Z = št. protonov = št. elektronov
- A = št. protonov + št. nevtronov
- Št. nevtronov = A - Z
Lastnosti elementa določa izključno število protonov. Spremeni se le en proton in že imaš popolnoma drug element!
Skoraj vsa masa atoma se skriva v jedru, medtem ko elektronska ovojnica zavzema večino prostora. To je razlog, da je snov večinoma "prazen prostor" - fascinantno, kajne?
💡 Za življenje: Sedaj, ko razumeš atome, razumeš osnovo celotne kemije. Vsaka reakcija, vsaka lastnost snovi izhaja iz te preproste zgradbe!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Kemija
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Osnove zgradbe atoma
Če si se kdaj vprašal, iz česa je sestavljen svet okoli tebe, je odgovor preprost: iz atomov! Atomi so kot Lego kocke narave - majhni gradniki, iz katerih je sestavljena prav vsaka stvar. Razumevanje zgradbe atoma je ključ do kemije,... Show more
Uvod v zgradbo atoma
Predstavljaj si atom kot miniaturno sončno sistem. Je osnovni delec vsakega elementa in najmanjša enota, ki še vedno obdrži vse kemijske lastnosti snovi.
Elementi so snovi, ki jih sestavljajo atomi iste vrste - kisik, železo, zlato so vsi elementi. Vsak atom je električno nevtralen, kar pomeni, da se pozitivni in negativni naboji v njem popolnoma izničijo.
Atom sestavljata dva glavna dela: jedro atoma v središču in elektronska ovojnica okrog njega. V jedru najdemo protone in nevtrone, v ovojnici pa se vrtijo elektroni - ti trije so osnovni delci ali subatomski delci.
💡 Zanimivost: Če bi bilo jedro atoma veliko kot žogica za namizni tenis, bi bil celoten atom velik kot nogometno igrišče!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Jedro atoma - kjer se skriva vsa moč
Jedro je srce atoma in čeprav je izjemno majhno, vsebuje skoraj vso njegovo maso. Tukaj živita dva ključna igralca.
Protoni so pozitivno nabiti delci z nabojem +1 in maso približno 1 atomska enota. Število protonov določa, za kateri element gre - to je vrstno število (Z). Če spremenimo število protonov, dobimo povsem drug element!
Nevtroni (n⁰) so brez naboja in imajo prav tako maso približno 1. Skupaj s protoni tvorijo jedro, skupno pa ju imenujemo nukleoni.
💡 Pomni si: Vrstno število = število protonov = identiteta elementa. Brez tega elementa preprosto ni!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Elektronska ovojnica - plesni oder atomov
Okoli jedra se v elektronski ovojnici vrtijo elektroni . Ti majhni negativno nabiti delci imajo naboj -1, vendar je njihova masa tako majhna , da jo lahko zanemarimo.
V nevtralnem atomu je število elektronov vedno enako številu protonov. Tako se pozitivni in negativni naboji izničijo, atom pa navzven deluje nevtralno.
Elektronska ovojnica zavzema skoraj ves prostor atoma, čeprav praktično nima mase. Predstavljaj si jo kot ogromen plesni oder, kjer se vrtijo drobni plesalci.
| Delec | Naboj | Masa | Lokacija |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proton | +1 | ≈1 u | Jedro |
| Nevtron | 0 | ≈1 u | Jedro |
| Elektron | -1 | ≈0 u | Ovojnica |
💡 Za test: Atom = jedro + ovojnica (elektroni). Preprosto kot štiri operacije!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Računanje osnovnih delcev - tvoja super moč
Iz periodnega sistema lahko zlahka izračunaš število vseh delcev v atomu. Potrebuješ le dve števili: vrstno število (Z) in masno število (A).
Vrstno število (Z) = število protonov = število elektronov Masno število (A) = število protonov + število nevtronov Število nevtronov = A - Z
Primer z ogljikom: Z = 6, A = 12
- Protoni: 6
- Elektroni: 6
- Nevtroni: 12 - 6 = 6
Primer z natrijem: Z = 11, A = 23
- Protoni: 11
- Elektroni: 11
- Nevtroni: 23 - 11 = 12
💡 Trik za test: Vrstno število je manjše (število protonov), masno je večje . Ne zmešaj ju!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hiter povzetek za mojstre kemije
Sedaj imaš vse karte v rokah za razumevanje atomov! Atom je kot mini vesolje - majhno, gosto jedro obkroža velika, skoraj prazna ovojnica z elektroni.
Ključne formule za test:
- Z = št. protonov = št. elektronov
- A = št. protonov + št. nevtronov
- Št. nevtronov = A - Z
Lastnosti elementa določa izključno število protonov. Spremeni se le en proton in že imaš popolnoma drug element!
Skoraj vsa masa atoma se skriva v jedru, medtem ko elektronska ovojnica zavzema večino prostora. To je razlog, da je snov večinoma "prazen prostor" - fascinantno, kajne?
💡 Za življenje: Sedaj, ko razumeš atome, razumeš osnovo celotne kemije. Vsaka reakcija, vsaka lastnost snovi izhaja iz te preproste zgradbe!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Kemija
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user