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Bianca Stratford
2/8/2023
Chemistry
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Notes
36
•
Feb 8, 2023
•
History of Atomic Structure & Periodic Table for Kids
The Periodic Table
The periodic table is a cornerstone of chemistry, organizing elements based on their properties and atomic structure. This page discusses its development and organization.
Quote: "The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number."
Key points about the periodic table:
- Dmitri Mendeleev initially arranged elements by atomic mass and grouped them by properties.
- Henry Moseley later organized the table by atomic number, which is the system used today.
The modern periodic table structure:
- 18 columns (groups or families)
- 7 rows (periods or energy levels)
- Read from left to right
Highlight: The periodic table's organization allows for the prediction of element properties.
Information provided for each element includes:
- Atomic number (number of protons)
- Element symbol
- Element name
- Average atomic mass
Vocabulary: Atomic mass - The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Example: Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11, indicating it has 11 protons in its nucleus.
The periodic table's arrangement reflects electron configurations and chemical properties, making it an invaluable tool in chemistry.
Atomic Structure
This page delves into the detailed structure of atoms, explaining the subatomic particles and their characteristics.
Atoms consist of two main parts:
- Nucleus: The dense center containing protons and neutrons
- Electron cloud: The region surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found
Definition: The nucleus is the center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
Subatomic particles:
-
Protons :
- Positively charged
- Mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
- Located in the nucleus
-
Neutrons (n):
- Neutral charge
- Mass of 1 amu
- Located in the nucleus
-
Electrons :
- Negatively charged
- Negligible mass (0 amu for practical purposes)
- Found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus
Highlight: The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines the element and is called the atomic number.
Vocabulary: Atomic mass unit - A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights.
Understanding atomic structure is crucial for explaining chemical bonding, reactivity, and the properties of elements. This knowledge forms the basis for more advanced concepts in chemistry and physics.
Example: A neutral atom of carbon has 6 protons in its nucleus and 6 electrons in its electron cloud.
History of Atomic Structure
The history of atomic structure in the 1800s marks a significant period in the development of our understanding of matter. This page outlines the progression of atomic models from ancient times to the early 20th century.
Definition: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
The concept of atoms dates back to ancient Greece, with Democritus proposing the idea of indivisible particles around 350 BC. However, the modern atomic theory began to take shape in the 19th century.
Highlight: John Dalton's atomic theory in the 1800s laid the foundation for modern atomic understanding.
The evolution of atomic models includes:
- Dalton's solid sphere model (1800s)
- J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model with the discovery of electrons (1890s)
- Ernest Rutherford's nuclear model (early 1900s)
- Niels Bohr's model with electron energy levels (1913)
Vocabulary: Nucleus - The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
Today's atomic model consists of two main parts: a dense nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud. This understanding has been crucial in explaining chemical bonding and the behavior of elements.
Example: The Bohr model, while simplified, helps visualize electron energy levels and is still used to explain basic atomic behavior.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
History of Atomic Structure & Periodic Table for Kids
The historical development of atomic theory and the organization of the periodic table are fundamental to understanding modern chemistry. This summary covers the evolution of atomic models, key contributors to atomic theory, and the structure of the periodic table.
- Early... Show more
The Periodic Table
The periodic table is a cornerstone of chemistry, organizing elements based on their properties and atomic structure. This page discusses its development and organization.
Quote: "The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number."
Key points about the periodic table:
- Dmitri Mendeleev initially arranged elements by atomic mass and grouped them by properties.
- Henry Moseley later organized the table by atomic number, which is the system used today.
The modern periodic table structure:
- 18 columns (groups or families)
- 7 rows (periods or energy levels)
- Read from left to right
Highlight: The periodic table's organization allows for the prediction of element properties.
Information provided for each element includes:
- Atomic number (number of protons)
- Element symbol
- Element name
- Average atomic mass
Vocabulary: Atomic mass - The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Example: Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11, indicating it has 11 protons in its nucleus.
The periodic table's arrangement reflects electron configurations and chemical properties, making it an invaluable tool in chemistry.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
Atomic Structure
This page delves into the detailed structure of atoms, explaining the subatomic particles and their characteristics.
Atoms consist of two main parts:
- Nucleus: The dense center containing protons and neutrons
- Electron cloud: The region surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found
Definition: The nucleus is the center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
Subatomic particles:
-
Protons :
- Positively charged
- Mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
- Located in the nucleus
-
Neutrons (n):
- Neutral charge
- Mass of 1 amu
- Located in the nucleus
-
Electrons :
- Negatively charged
- Negligible mass (0 amu for practical purposes)
- Found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus
Highlight: The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines the element and is called the atomic number.
Vocabulary: Atomic mass unit - A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights.
Understanding atomic structure is crucial for explaining chemical bonding, reactivity, and the properties of elements. This knowledge forms the basis for more advanced concepts in chemistry and physics.
Example: A neutral atom of carbon has 6 protons in its nucleus and 6 electrons in its electron cloud.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
History of Atomic Structure
The history of atomic structure in the 1800s marks a significant period in the development of our understanding of matter. This page outlines the progression of atomic models from ancient times to the early 20th century.
Definition: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
The concept of atoms dates back to ancient Greece, with Democritus proposing the idea of indivisible particles around 350 BC. However, the modern atomic theory began to take shape in the 19th century.
Highlight: John Dalton's atomic theory in the 1800s laid the foundation for modern atomic understanding.
The evolution of atomic models includes:
- Dalton's solid sphere model (1800s)
- J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model with the discovery of electrons (1890s)
- Ernest Rutherford's nuclear model (early 1900s)
- Niels Bohr's model with electron energy levels (1913)
Vocabulary: Nucleus - The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
Today's atomic model consists of two main parts: a dense nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud. This understanding has been crucial in explaining chemical bonding and the behavior of elements.
Example: The Bohr model, while simplified, helps visualize electron energy levels and is still used to explain basic atomic behavior.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.9/5
App Store
4.8/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user