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Criminology
Dec 7, 2025
1,447
3 pages
Demetra @demetra_21
Sociological theories of crimeand their evaluation through functionalist and strain theory perspectives form the foundation of understanding... Show more
This page covers the evaluation of Durkheim's theory and introduces theories of crime in criminology through Merton's strain theory.
Definition Strain theory recognizes that society doesn't offer equal opportunities to all members, creating tension between social goals and available opportunities.
Merton's five adaptations to strain are detailed
Example Drug dealers represent innovation by accepting society's goals but using disapproved means to achieve them.
Highlight The theory explains why working-class crime rates tend to be higher due to limited legitimate opportunities.
The final page explores status frustration theory criminology developed by Albert Cohen, focusing on non-utilitarian crimes.
Definition Status frustration occurs when individuals cannot achieve society's goals through legitimate means, leading them to seek alternative ways to gain status.
Highlight Cohen's theory specifically addresses crimes that don't have monetary value, expanding on Merton's work.
Example Subcultures develop their own norms and values distinct from wider society, providing alternative means of gaining status.
The theory's strengths include its ability to explain non-utilitarian crimes and the formation of criminal subcultures.
The first page introduces functionalism theory in sociology through Durkheim's perspective. Emile Durkheim's theory explains how social order is maintained through shared norms and values.
Definition Functionalism views society as a stable structure where every part has a specific purpose, similar to organs in a body.
Example Just as the human body has mechanisms to fight disease, society has institutions like police to deal with crime.
Highlight Durkheim argued that crime is functional, normal, and inevitable in society, only becoming problematic when levels are too high or too low.
The organic analogy is presented to explain how society functions
Quote "Crime performs the function of social regulation by reaffirming the boundaries of acceptable behaviour."
Vocabulary Anomie - A state where shared norms become weakened, leading to deviant behavior.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
41
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the intricate relationship between media representations and crime, focusing on how newspapers, television, gaming, and music portray criminal activities. This summary delves into the factors that make stories newsworthy, the impact of social media on crime perception, and the glorification of criminal behavior in popular culture. Ideal for media studies and criminology students.
CriminologyUse this Know as a quick reference to identify all of the different Pride flags and learn about their context & symbolism
Fun StuffBasic definitions/contexts of certain terms commonly used in criminal justice.
Fun StuffExplore the social construction of criminality, examining how societal norms, cultural differences, and historical contexts shape definitions of crime. This summary covers key concepts such as stereotypes in law enforcement, the impact of mental health on legal outcomes, and the evolution of laws over time and across cultures. Ideal for criminology students seeking to understand the complexities of crime and deviance.
CriminologyExplore the transformation of key characters in 'Attack the Block' through visual representation and societal stereotypes. This analysis delves into the roles of Moses, Hi-Hatz, and the girl gang, examining how their portrayals shift throughout the film and what this reveals about perceptions of crime and identity. Ideal for film studies and media representation discussions.
Media StudiesExplore the sociological theories of crime through the lenses of Marxism and Interactionism. This study note delves into key concepts such as labelling theory, selective law enforcement, and the impact of capitalism on criminal behavior. Evaluation points highlight strengths and weaknesses of each theory, providing a comprehensive understanding of crime and deviance. Ideal for students studying sociology and criminology.
CriminologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Demetra
@demetra_21
Sociological theories of crime and their evaluation through functionalist and strain theory perspectives form the foundation of understanding criminal behavior in society. This comprehensive overview explores key theories from Emile Durkheim, Robert Merton, and Albert Cohen.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
This page covers the evaluation of Durkheim's theory and introduces theories of crime in criminology through Merton's strain theory.
Definition: Strain theory recognizes that society doesn't offer equal opportunities to all members, creating tension between social goals and available opportunities.
Merton's five adaptations to strain are detailed:
Example: Drug dealers represent innovation by accepting society's goals but using disapproved means to achieve them.
Highlight: The theory explains why working-class crime rates tend to be higher due to limited legitimate opportunities.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The final page explores status frustration theory criminology developed by Albert Cohen, focusing on non-utilitarian crimes.
Definition: Status frustration occurs when individuals cannot achieve society's goals through legitimate means, leading them to seek alternative ways to gain status.
Highlight: Cohen's theory specifically addresses crimes that don't have monetary value, expanding on Merton's work.
Example: Subcultures develop their own norms and values distinct from wider society, providing alternative means of gaining status.
The theory's strengths include its ability to explain non-utilitarian crimes and the formation of criminal subcultures.
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
By signing up you accept Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
The first page introduces functionalism theory in sociology through Durkheim's perspective. Emile Durkheim's theory explains how social order is maintained through shared norms and values.
Definition: Functionalism views society as a stable structure where every part has a specific purpose, similar to organs in a body.
Example: Just as the human body has mechanisms to fight disease, society has institutions like police to deal with crime.
Highlight: Durkheim argued that crime is functional, normal, and inevitable in society, only becoming problematic when levels are too high or too low.
The organic analogy is presented to explain how society functions:
Quote: "Crime performs the function of social regulation by reaffirming the boundaries of acceptable behaviour."
Vocabulary: Anomie - A state where shared norms become weakened, leading to deviant behavior.
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
41
Smart Tools NEW
Transform this note into: ✓ 50+ Practice Questions ✓ Interactive Flashcards ✓ Full Mock Exam ✓ Essay Outlines
Explore the intricate relationship between media representations and crime, focusing on how newspapers, television, gaming, and music portray criminal activities. This summary delves into the factors that make stories newsworthy, the impact of social media on crime perception, and the glorification of criminal behavior in popular culture. Ideal for media studies and criminology students.
CriminologyUse this Know as a quick reference to identify all of the different Pride flags and learn about their context & symbolism
Fun StuffBasic definitions/contexts of certain terms commonly used in criminal justice.
Fun StuffExplore the social construction of criminality, examining how societal norms, cultural differences, and historical contexts shape definitions of crime. This summary covers key concepts such as stereotypes in law enforcement, the impact of mental health on legal outcomes, and the evolution of laws over time and across cultures. Ideal for criminology students seeking to understand the complexities of crime and deviance.
CriminologyExplore the transformation of key characters in 'Attack the Block' through visual representation and societal stereotypes. This analysis delves into the roles of Moses, Hi-Hatz, and the girl gang, examining how their portrayals shift throughout the film and what this reveals about perceptions of crime and identity. Ideal for film studies and media representation discussions.
Media StudiesExplore the sociological theories of crime through the lenses of Marxism and Interactionism. This study note delves into key concepts such as labelling theory, selective law enforcement, and the impact of capitalism on criminal behavior. Evaluation points highlight strengths and weaknesses of each theory, providing a comprehensive understanding of crime and deviance. Ideal for students studying sociology and criminology.
CriminologyApp Store
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
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