Valovanje je eden izmed najbolj fascinantnih fizikalnih pojavov, ki ga... Show more
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Updated Apr 3, 2026
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Osnove Valovanja: Vrste in Lastnosti
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Kaj je valovanje in vrste valov
Predstavljaj si, da vržeš kamen v mirno vodo - valovi se širijo navzven, list na površini pa se samo dviga in spušča, ne odplavava stran. Valovanje je širjenje motnje skozi prostor, pri čemer se prenaša energija, ne pa snov.
Sredstvo je snov, po kateri se val širi (voda, zrak, kovina). Nekatera valovanja, kot je svetloba, sploh ne potrebujejo sredstva. Izvor valovanja je točka, kjer motnja nastane, delci pa okoli svoje mirovne lege izvajajo nihanje.
Poznamo dve glavni vrsti valov. Transverzalni valovi imajo nihanje pravokotno na smer širjenja (svetloba, val na vrvi) in sestavljata jih hrib (najvišja točka) ter dolina (najnižja točka). Longitudinalni valovi imajo nihanje vzporedno s smerjo širjenja (zvok) in jih sestavljajo zgoščine (stisnjeni delci) ter razredčine (razpršeni delci).
💡 Nasvet: Transverzalne si predstavljaj kot val na morju , longitudinalne pa kot harmoniko .
Lastnosti valov - kaj moraš vedeti za test
Te štiri količine so temelj razumevanja valovanja in jih boš zagotovo potreboval na preizkusu. Amplituda (A) je največji odmik delca od mirovne lege in pove, koliko energije val prenaša - večja amplituda pomeni več energije (pri zvoku glasnost).
Valovna dolžina (λ) je razdalja med dvema zaporednima enakima točkama na valu, na primer med dvema hriboma. Označujemo jo z grško črko lambda. Frekvenca (f) pove število nihajev v eni sekundi in se meri v hercih (Hz) - pri zvoku določa višino tona.
Hitrost valovanja (v) je hitrost širjenja motnje skozi sredstvo in je odvisna predvsem od lastnosti sredstva. Te tri količine povezuje osnovna enačba valovanja: v = λ × f.
Perioda (T) je čas, potreben za en cel nihaj, in velja T = 1/f. To pomeni, da sta frekvenca in perioda obratno sorazmerni.
💡 Zapomnimo: Osnovno enačbo valovanja v = λ × f moraš znati obrniti in uporabiti za izračun katerekoli količine!
Rešeni primeri - kako uporabljati formule
S praktičnimi primeri boš lažje razumel uporabo enačbe valovanja. Prvi primer: valovi na jezeru imajo valovno dolžino 3 m in frekvenco 2 Hz. Iščemo hitrost valovanja.
Uporabimo formulo v = λ × f: v = 3 m × 2 Hz = 6 m/s. Torej valovi se širijo s hitrostjo 6 metrov na sekundo.
Drugi primer je bolj zapleten. Radijska postaja oddaja na 90 MHz, radijski valovi pa potujejo s hitrostjo svetlobe . Iščemo valovno dolžino, zato moramo formulo obrniti: λ = v/f.
Paziti moramo na predpono M (mega) = 10⁶, torej f = 90 × 10⁶ Hz. Računamo: λ = (3 × 10⁸)/(90 × 10⁶) = 3,33 m.
💡 Pomembno: Pri računanju s predponami (M, k, m) ne pozabi pretvoriti v osnovne enote!
Ključni poudarki za uspeh na testu
Energija vs. snov - to je temeljna razlika, ki jo moraš razumeti. Valovanje prenaša energijo, delci sredstva pa samo nihajo okoli svojih položajev. List na vodi se ne premika z valom, ampak samo niha.
Hitrost valovanja je odvisna od sredstva, ne od vira. Zvok na primer potuje hitreje po vodi kot po zraku. Ko val preide v drugo sredstvo, se hitrost spremeni, frekvenca pa ostane enaka.
Formulo v = λ × f moraš znati uporabiti v vseh oblikah: v = λ × f, λ = v/f, f = v/λ. Amplituda je povezana z energijo - večja amplituda pomeni več energije, pri zvoku glasnost, pri svetlobi svetlost.
Za hitro ponavljanje zapomni: valovanje = prenos energije brez snovi, transverzalni valovi (svetloba) nihajo pravokotno, longitudinalni (zvok) vzporedno, glavna formula v = λ × f, perioda T = 1/f.
💡 Za izpit: Naredi si karticke z osnovnimi formulami in jih vadili, dokler jih ne znaš na pamet!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Fizika
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Osnove Valovanja: Vrste in Lastnosti
Valovanje je eden izmed najbolj fascinantnih fizikalnih pojavov, ki ga srečuješ vsak dan - od glasbe, ki jo poslušaš, do svetlobe, ki ti omogoča branje. Gre za prenos energije brez premikanja snovi, kar pomeni, da se delci samo zanihajo, energija... Show more
Kaj je valovanje in vrste valov
Predstavljaj si, da vržeš kamen v mirno vodo - valovi se širijo navzven, list na površini pa se samo dviga in spušča, ne odplavava stran. Valovanje je širjenje motnje skozi prostor, pri čemer se prenaša energija, ne pa snov.
Sredstvo je snov, po kateri se val širi (voda, zrak, kovina). Nekatera valovanja, kot je svetloba, sploh ne potrebujejo sredstva. Izvor valovanja je točka, kjer motnja nastane, delci pa okoli svoje mirovne lege izvajajo nihanje.
Poznamo dve glavni vrsti valov. Transverzalni valovi imajo nihanje pravokotno na smer širjenja (svetloba, val na vrvi) in sestavljata jih hrib (najvišja točka) ter dolina (najnižja točka). Longitudinalni valovi imajo nihanje vzporedno s smerjo širjenja (zvok) in jih sestavljajo zgoščine (stisnjeni delci) ter razredčine (razpršeni delci).
💡 Nasvet: Transverzalne si predstavljaj kot val na morju , longitudinalne pa kot harmoniko .
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
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Join milions of students
Lastnosti valov - kaj moraš vedeti za test
Te štiri količine so temelj razumevanja valovanja in jih boš zagotovo potreboval na preizkusu. Amplituda (A) je največji odmik delca od mirovne lege in pove, koliko energije val prenaša - večja amplituda pomeni več energije (pri zvoku glasnost).
Valovna dolžina (λ) je razdalja med dvema zaporednima enakima točkama na valu, na primer med dvema hriboma. Označujemo jo z grško črko lambda. Frekvenca (f) pove število nihajev v eni sekundi in se meri v hercih (Hz) - pri zvoku določa višino tona.
Hitrost valovanja (v) je hitrost širjenja motnje skozi sredstvo in je odvisna predvsem od lastnosti sredstva. Te tri količine povezuje osnovna enačba valovanja: v = λ × f.
Perioda (T) je čas, potreben za en cel nihaj, in velja T = 1/f. To pomeni, da sta frekvenca in perioda obratno sorazmerni.
💡 Zapomnimo: Osnovno enačbo valovanja v = λ × f moraš znati obrniti in uporabiti za izračun katerekoli količine!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Rešeni primeri - kako uporabljati formule
S praktičnimi primeri boš lažje razumel uporabo enačbe valovanja. Prvi primer: valovi na jezeru imajo valovno dolžino 3 m in frekvenco 2 Hz. Iščemo hitrost valovanja.
Uporabimo formulo v = λ × f: v = 3 m × 2 Hz = 6 m/s. Torej valovi se širijo s hitrostjo 6 metrov na sekundo.
Drugi primer je bolj zapleten. Radijska postaja oddaja na 90 MHz, radijski valovi pa potujejo s hitrostjo svetlobe . Iščemo valovno dolžino, zato moramo formulo obrniti: λ = v/f.
Paziti moramo na predpono M (mega) = 10⁶, torej f = 90 × 10⁶ Hz. Računamo: λ = (3 × 10⁸)/(90 × 10⁶) = 3,33 m.
💡 Pomembno: Pri računanju s predponami (M, k, m) ne pozabi pretvoriti v osnovne enote!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Ključni poudarki za uspeh na testu
Energija vs. snov - to je temeljna razlika, ki jo moraš razumeti. Valovanje prenaša energijo, delci sredstva pa samo nihajo okoli svojih položajev. List na vodi se ne premika z valom, ampak samo niha.
Hitrost valovanja je odvisna od sredstva, ne od vira. Zvok na primer potuje hitreje po vodi kot po zraku. Ko val preide v drugo sredstvo, se hitrost spremeni, frekvenca pa ostane enaka.
Formulo v = λ × f moraš znati uporabiti v vseh oblikah: v = λ × f, λ = v/f, f = v/λ. Amplituda je povezana z energijo - večja amplituda pomeni več energije, pri zvoku glasnost, pri svetlobi svetlost.
Za hitro ponavljanje zapomni: valovanje = prenos energije brez snovi, transverzalni valovi (svetloba) nihajo pravokotno, longitudinalni (zvok) vzporedno, glavna formula v = λ × f, perioda T = 1/f.
💡 Za izpit: Naredi si karticke z osnovnimi formulami in jih vadili, dokler jih ne znaš na pamet!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user